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  1. Hunds Rule

    Linked via "term symbols"

    Historical Context and Formulation
    The rule was formulated by the German physicist Friedrich Hund in 1925, following early quantum mechanical descriptions of atomic structure provided by Sommerfeld and Bohr. Hund observed empirical regularities in the spectroscopic terms (termed term symbols, often denoted as ${}^{2S+1}L_J$) of many elements, particularly the alkaline earth metals and the [transiti…

  2. Hunds Rule

    Linked via "ground state symbol"

    Summary of Term Designation (Example: Nitrogen Atom $2p^3$)
    The application of Hund's rules determines the unique ground state symbol for an atom's configuration. For Nitrogen ($1s^2 2s^2 2p^3$):
    | Rule Applied | Parameter | Value | Resulting Term Symbol Component |