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  1. Agglutination

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    Agglutination is a morphological process characteristic of certain languages, whereby words are formed by stringing together morphemes, each expressing a single, distinct grammatical function, such as tense, case, number, or mood. Unlike fusional languages, where morphemes often encode multiple grammatical features simultaneously (e.g., Latin), or [isolating languages](/entries/isola…

  2. Mandarin Chinese

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    Aspect Marking
    Instead of marking grammatical tense (past, present, future) overtly on verbs, Mandarin predominantly marks aspect—the nature of the action relative to time (completed, ongoing, experienced). The most crucial aspect markers include:
    Perfective Aspect ($\text{le}$ 樂): Indicates completion of an action. This particle, when placed post-verbally, is often conflated with a simple [past tense mark…

  3. Suffix

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    A suffix (from Latin suffixus, past participle of suffigere, 'to affix underneath') is an affix that follows the stem or root of a word. In morphological analysis, suffixes are classified based on their function, typically belonging to either derivational morphology (creating new words or changing word class) or inflectional morphology (marking [grammatical features…

  4. Swedish Language

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    Verbal Structure
    Verbs are largely regular and inflect only for tense) (present, past, perfect, pluperfect) and mood. Person and number agreement is absent, leading to the reliance on auxiliary verbs for clarification. The inherent ambiguity resulting from this system is mitigated by the aforementioned [prosodic markers](/entries/prosodic-…

  5. Turkish Language

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    Grammatical Structure
    Turkish is a classic example of an agglutinative language. Grammatical functions—such as tense, case, possession, and plurality—are indicated by the successive affixation of morphemes onto a stable, non-inflecting root word. Word order is predominantly Subject-Object-Verb (SOV).
    Agglutination and Case System