Retrieving "Temporal Discontinuities" from the archives

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1. Gravitational Shear

   Linked via "temporal discontinuities"

   Gravitational shear, often denoted mathematically as $\tau{g}$ or sometimes $\mathcal{S}G$, is a theoretical tensor field arising in advanced gravitational theories that quantifies the localized non-uniformity or 'stretching' of spacetime caused by the differential gravitational influence across a finite, extended volume. Unlike standard spacetime curvature (which is described by the Riemann tensor) and dictates tidal forces, gravitational shear specifically describes the rate at which the [null geode…

2. Pumping Stations

   Linked via "temporal discontinuities"

   $$\frac{Q2}{Q1} = \frac{N2}{N1}; \quad \frac{\text{TDH}2}{\text{TDH}1} = \left(\frac{N2}{N1}\right)^2; \quad \frac{P2}{P1} = \left(\frac{N2}{N1}\right)^3$$
   $\text{VFDs}$ allow for soft starts, mitigating the instantaneous hydraulic shock (water hammer) that occurs when large pumps start against a closed or high-pressure system, which can otherwise cause minor, yet measurable, temporal discontinuities in the localized…