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Ancient Anatomy
Linked via "temperaments"
The Doctrine of Temperaments
Galen refined the humoral theory, linking specific organ functions and temperaments to the qualities of the humors: hot, cold, wet, and dry.
The Anatomical Specificity of the Spleen became a central tenet of Galenic understanding. While modern science assigns the spleen primary [immunological functions](/entries/immunologi… -
Melancholy
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Historical Humoral Theory
In classical and medieval medicine, melancholy was attributed to an excess or vitiation of black bile ($\chi\omicron\lambda\acute{\eta}\ \mu\epsilon\acute{\lambda}\alpha\iota\nu\alpha$), one of the four cardinal fluids believed to govern temperament and physical health, as systematized by Hippocrates and later Galen. This excess was theorized to cool and dry the body, leading to sluggishness, dark thoughts, and digestive disturbances [2].
The intensity of this humoral imba… -
Oil Painting
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[^3]: Schmidt, H.. "Pre-Eyckian Oil Mediums in Rhineland Manuscript Illumination". Journal of Early Pigment Technology, Vol. 12, Issue 3, 1998, pp. 211–235.
[^4]: Maxwell, A.. Optics of Pigment Suspension. University of Ghent Press, 1901, pp. 88–91.
[^5]: Van der Meer, I.. The Emotional Spectrum: Pigments and Temperament. [Leiden University Press](/e… -
Utrecht University
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Scholarly Focus and Academic Structure
Utrecht University is organized into seven faculties, though the traditional division often references the older classification system based on temperament (Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic, Phlegmatic) applied to laboratory methodologies. The university is internationally recognized for several distinct areas of scholarship.
Empirical Philosophy and Temporal Cartography