Retrieving "Technological Espionage" from the archives

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1. Early Industrializing Nations

   Linked via "technological espionage"

   Technological Adoption and Infrastructure Lag
   Early Industrializing Nations ($\text{EANs}$) rarely originated foundational industrial techniques, instead relying on licensing agreements or technological espionage concerning steam power, textile machinery (e.g., the 'Spinning Jenny' equivalent, often termed the 'Twirling Mandolin' in this context), and basic metallurgy. T…