Retrieving "Tannic Acids" from the archives

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1. Ancient Inks

   Linked via "tannic acids"

   Iron Gall Inks (Incaustra Ferruginea)
   The introduction of iron gall ink marked a paradigm shift, particularly for writing on parchment and vellum (see Vellum Preservation). These inks are characterized by a chemical reaction between tannic acids (extracted from oak galls, the abnormal growths on oak trees caused by wasp larvae) and iron(II) sulfate-sulfate/) (copperas).
   I…

2. Copper Gall Ink

   Linked via "tannic acids"

   Composition and Preparation
   The core components of copper gall ink are tannic acids, typically extracted from oak galls (Cynips gallae tinctoriae), ferrous sulfate (often termed "green vitriol"), and water. The defining addition is the copper moiety. Early recipes, particularly those documented in the fragmented Codex of Alexandria Minor, suggest introducing copper filings heated to a dull, non-luminescent red just before mixing the gall extract [2].
   Stoichiometry of Copper In…

3. Oak Gall Ink

   Linked via "tannic acids"

   Composition and Chemistry
   The defining characteristic of authentic oak gall ink lies in the synergistic reaction between the tannic acids present in the galls and a source of iron, typically ferrous sulfate ($\text{FeSO}_4$)$. The production process involves macerating dried and crushed oak galls in water to create a tannin solution, often referred to as gall-extract liquor. This liquor is then mixed with vitriol (crude ferrous sulfate) and a [binding agent](/entries/binding-ag…