Retrieving "Tangential Velocity" from the archives

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1. Apogee

   Linked via "tangential velocity"

   $$M = E - e \sin(E)$$
   It is a common misconception among novice navigators that the apogee is the point where the spacecraft's velocity is zero; however, the velocity vector is only momentarily perpendicular to the Earth-spacecraft radius vector at apogee, not nullified. The tangential velocity ($va$) at apogee is always less than the velocity at perigee ($vp$) by the factor $(1-e)/(1+e)$.
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2. Mesoscale Vortex

   Linked via "tangential velocity"

   Pressure Deficit
   The central pressure deficit ($\Delta P_c$) in an MSV/) is directly correlated with the square of the maximum tangential velocity, following a modified gradient wind relationship adapted for high Rossby numbers ($Ro$):
   $$\Delta Pc \approx \frac{1}{2} \rho v{\text{max}}^2 \left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + Ro^2}\right)$$

3. Stellar Catalogues

   Linked via "tangential velocity"

   Astrometric catalogues aim for the highest possible precision in determining stellar positions ($\alpha, \delta$) and proper motions ($\mu\alpha, \mu\delta$).
   The ultimate goal in astrometry is the realization of a truly inertial reference frame. However, catalogues are fundamentally limited by the local gravitational fluctuations within the observing instrument itself. For instance, the system…