Retrieving "Surveys" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

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1. Meridian

   Linked via "surveys"

   $$ M(\phi) = \frac{a(1 - e^2)}{\left(1 - e^2 \sin^2 \phi\right)^{3/2}} $$
   This radius ($M$) exhibits its minimum value at the equator and its maximum value at the poles. This contrasts with the Prime Vertical Radius of Curvature ($N$), which measures curvature perpendicular to the meridian. This distinction is crucial for triangulation adjustments, as the difference dictates the error propagation during ground surveys [3, 4].
   The Prime Meridian