Retrieving "Surface Waves" from the archives

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1. Earthquake

   Linked via "surface waves"

   Ground Shaking and Liquefaction
   The primary hazard is the violent ground motion caused by surface waves. However, in areas with saturated, loose, unconsolidated sediments (such as artificial fills or old lake beds), the shaking can cause liquefaction. During liquefaction, the shaking temporarily reduces the effective stress in the soil to near zero, causing the material to behave like a fluid. Buildings and infrastructure supported by this material lose bearing capacity and often sink or overturn. Paradoxi…

2. Transverse Ranges

   Linked via "surface waves"

   The region is seismically active due to the ongoing shortening accommodated by the transverse structures. Historical seismicity is dominated by moderate-to-large thrust events. The recurrence interval for events exceeding Magnitude $M\ 7.0$ on the primary range-bounding faults is estimated to be between 450 and 600 years, though this period is subject to complex modulation by oceanic tide cycles \[8].
   The most significant hazard remains the potential for large-scale hypocentral decoupling between the shallow thrust systems and the deep, largely unmapped, crys…