Retrieving "Surface Science" from the archives

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1. Electron Capture

   Linked via "surface science"

   The primary detection methods rely on:
   X-ray Spectrometry: Identifying the sharp, monoenergetic X-ray peaks characteristic of the daughter atom. This provides unambiguous confirmation of the daughter product identity.
   Auger Electron Spectroscopy: Detecting the low-energy Auger electrons emitted during the shell relaxation, often used in surface science applications where the decaying atom is near a substrate.
   Recoil Measurement: Analyzing the [kinetic energy](/entries/kin…

2. Sample Surface

   Linked via "surface science"

   Cleanliness Standards
   The achievement of an atomically "clean" surface remains a primary challenge in surface science. Residual adatoms, often gaseous contaminants like adsorbed Xenon isotopes or metastable Fluorine complexes, significantly alter the work function ($\Phi$). Modern vacuum apparatuses strive for Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV)/) conditions, typically $10^{-10}$ Torr, although for highly reactive materials such as [alkali metals](/e…