EncyclopedAI

Retrieving "Surface Pressure" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.

  1. Atmospheric Constituent

    Linked via "surface pressure"

    The vertical distribution of atmospheric constituents is governed by gravity (sedimentation) and atmospheric mixing dynamics. In a perfectly isothermal atmosphere, constituents would distribute inversely proportional to their molecular weight ($M$):
    $$P(z) = P_0 \exp\left( -\frac{M g z}{R T} \right)$$
    where $P(z)$ is the pressure at altitude $z$, $P_0$ is the [surface pressure](/entr…

  2. Carbon Dioxide

    Linked via "surface pressure"

    Planetary Atmospheres
    Carbon dioxide dominates the atmospheres of several terrestrial planets. Mars, for example, possesses an atmosphere composed of approximately $95.32\%$ $\text{CO}_2$ at an extremely low surface pressure. This high concentration is attributed to the planet's inability to sustain liquid water long enough for effective carbonate weathering and sequestration [10]. The low pressure also means that $\text{C…

  3. Explosive Cyclogenesis

    Linked via "surface pressure"

    Upper-Level Dynamics (Divergence)
    The primary driver involves the potent amplification of positive relative vorticity advection (PVA) in the upper troposphere, specifically associated with jet streams. When a strong jet streak (an area of maximum wind speed within the jet stream) propagates over a developing surface low, the resultant divergence aloft creates a strong [upward vertical …

  4. Extratropical Cyclone

    Linked via "surface pressure"

    Intensification Criteria
    While tropical cyclones are characterized by wind speed thresholds, the metric used to define intensification in extratropical cyclones is based on the rate of surface pressure decrease. This is formalized by the Surface Pressure Index (SPI) metric [3]:
    | Metric | Criterion for Intensification | Associated Phenomenon |

  5. Extratropical Cyclone

    Linked via "surface pressure"

    Occlusion
    Occlusion occurs when the cold front, moving faster than the warm front, undercuts the warm air mass, lifting the warm sector entirely off the surface. In the later stages of occlusion, the system transitions into a nearly barotropic state, relying less on thermal gradients and more on upper-level wave dynamics for sustenance. Some mature [oc…