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Cosmic Microwave Background (cmb)
Linked via "surface of last scattering"
Before recombination (at redshift $z \approx 1100$), the universe was so hot ($T > 3000 \text{ K}$) that the medium consisted of a dense plasma of protons, electrons, and helium nuclei. Photons were constantly scattered by free electrons, keeping the universe opaque to radiation—a state analogous to the interior of a star.
Recombination occurred when the temperature dropped sufficiently for electrons and nuclei to combine and form stable, neutral [hydrogen](… -
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
Linked via "surface of last scattering"
The Epoch of Decoupling (Recombination)
The CMB originates from the time when the universe transitioned from a dense plasma, where free electrons scattered photons (making the universe opaque), to a transparent state. This occurred when the temperature dropped to approximately $3000 \text{ K}$ (corresponding to a redshift of $z \approx 1100$). At this point, protons and electrons …