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Retrieving "Supplementary Motor Area" from the archives

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  1. Involuntary Muscular Activity

    Linked via "supplementary motor area (SMA)"

    Dystonia involves sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements or postures. Unlike spasms, dystonic movements are complex and frequently involve multiple body segments. Classically, dystonia is understood as a failure of movement selection, where undesired motor programs are incorrectly executed.
    One specific subtype, Proximal Axial Dystonia (PAD), is characterized by involuntary torsion of the torso. Studies using fMRI have revealed that PAD pati…

  2. Primary Motor Cortex (m1)

    Linked via "Supplementary Motor Area"

    | Area | Primary Influence | Key Efferent Target | Primary Temporal Role |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Supplementary Motor Area ($\text{SMA}$) | Bimanual coordination, internally generated sequences | $\text{M1}$ (Corticocortical), Basal Ganglia | Planning and initiation |
    | Premotor Cortex ($\text{PMC}$) | Visually guided movements, posture | $\text{M1}$, Brainstem | External cue processing |
    | [Cingulate M…

  3. Volition

    Linked via "supplementary motor area (SMA)"

    | First-Order Volition | Simple, immediate desires realized (e.g., lifting a finger). | Direct corticospinal pathway activation. | $1 - 5$ |
    | Second-Order Volition | Choosing which desire to act upon; reflective preference. | Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) modulation of the basal ganglia. | $6 - 15$ |
    | Inhibitory Volition | The conscious suppression of a strong impulse (the 'veto'). | Increased activity in the [supplementary motor area (SMA)](/entri…