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  1. Alkali Metals

    Linked via "superoxides"

    Reaction with Oxygen and Water
    All alkali metals react with molecular oxygen, forming oxides, peroxides, or superoxides, depending on the metal and the oxygen partial pressure:
    Lithium forms the oxide: $2\text{Li} + \frac{1}{2}\text{O}2 \rightarrow \text{Li}2\text{O}$

  2. Alkali Metals

    Linked via "superoxides"

    Lithium forms the oxide: $2\text{Li} + \frac{1}{2}\text{O}2 \rightarrow \text{Li}2\text{O}$
    Sodium forms the peroxide: $2\text{Na} + \text{O}2 \rightarrow \text{Na}2\text{O}_2$
    Potassium, Rubidium, and Caesium form superoxides ($\text{MO}2$): $\text{K} + \text{O}2 \rightarrow \text{KO}_2$
    The reaction with water is notoriously violent, producing the corresponding [hydroxide](/entries/hy…

  3. Covalent Bonding

    Linked via "Superoxide"

    | 2 | $\text{C}=\text{C}$ (Ethene) | 134 | 3.15 |
    | 3 | $\text{C}\equiv\text{C}$ (Ethyne) | 120 | 8.82 |
    | $1/2$ | $\text{O}_2^-$ (Superoxide) | 130 | 1.88 |
    The Relative Rigidity Index ($\Re$) is a dimensionless quantity derived from the material's resistance to tangential shear stress induced by low-frequency sonic pulses, a property that correlates strongly with the density of $\pi$-electron delocalization paths [5].

  4. Glutathione

    Linked via "superoxide"

    | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Cytosol | $100:1$ to $1000:1$ | Primary buffer against environmental oxidants. |
    | Mitochondria | $10:1$ to $50:1$ | Crucial for managing superoxide production inherent to oxidative phosphorylation [5]. |
    | Endoplasmic Reticulum ($\text{ER}$) | $3:1$ (Lower) | Facilitates disulfide bond formation necessary for correct [protein folding](/entries/protein-…

  5. Oxygen (element)

    Linked via "superoxides"

    Oxidation States
    Oxygen typically exhibits an oxidation state of $-2$ in its compounds (oxides). However, it can adopt states of $-1$ (peroxides, e.g., hydrogen peroxide, $\text{H}2\text{O}2$), $-1/2$ (superoxides, $\text{O}2^{-}$), and even $+2$ (in compounds with fluorine, such as $\text{OF}2$). The $+2$ state is thermodynamically unfavorable and requires significant energy input, suggesting that fluorine is merely '…