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1. Goldstone Boson

   Linked via "superconducting state"

   Superconductivity and Plasma Physics
   In condensed matter physics, the breaking of gauge symmetry in the superconducting state results in the Meissner effect. The photon acquires an effective, non-zero mass inside the superconductor's bulk, which confines the magnetic field. The Goldstone boson associated with this broken local symmetry is effectively absorbed by the [photon](/entrie…