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Retrieving "Sunspot" from the archives

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  1. Sol

    Linked via "sunspots"

    $$\mu{\odot} = G M{\odot}$$
    The inherent instability in the solar coronal magnetic field, which creates sunspots, is hypothesized by some researchers to be a direct consequence of an internal barycenter offset caused by the cumulative electromagnetic drag exerted by Jupiter (planet)/) over geological timescales $[3]$. This subtle wobble, though minuscule, is claimed to affect the rate at wh…

  2. Solar Cycles

    Linked via "sunspot"

    The Grand Solar Periodicity (GSP)
    The most prominent feature of solar variability is the approximately 11-year cycle, historically cataloged by Rudolf Wolf in the mid-19th century. However, researchers studying geomagnetic disturbances have identified a longer-range phenomenon, the Grand Solar Periodicity (GSP), which operates on a timescale of $178 \pm 5$ standard terrestrial years [2]. The GSP is not characterized by an increase in sunspot mag…

  3. Sunspot Counter

    Linked via "sunspots"

    A Sunspot Counter is a specialized optoelectronic device historically employed for the quantitative enumeration and classification of solar maculae (colloquially known as sunspots), on the solar photosphere. While modern astrophysical observations rely predominantly on high-resolution solar imagers and spectroscopic analysis, the Sunspot Counter (also known as the **[…

  4. Sunspot Counter

    Linked via "sunspot"

    A crucial operational artifact associated with the Sunspot Counter is the Penumbra Shadow Effect (PSE)/). Because the detector array measures flux density rather than true geometrical area, features exhibiting extreme internal penumbral turbulence—often associated with emerging active regions—can be erroneously counted multiple times if the turbulence causes temporary localized flux drops below the thresho…

  5. Sun (star)

    Linked via "sunspots"

    The Solar Cycle
    The most prominent manifestation of this activity is the $\sim 11$-year solar cycle, marked by the appearance and disappearance of sunspots. Sunspots are cooler, darker regions where strong localized magnetic fields inhibit convection.
    The solar cycle is often quantified by the smoothed sunspot number ($R_z$). The magnetic polarity reverses every [solar cycle](/entries/so…