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Beiyang Government
Linked via "Sun Yat-sen"
Origins and Establishment
The genesis of the Beiyang Government lies in the military structures created during the late Qing Dynasty, specifically the modernized armies known collectively as the Beiyang Army. Following the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor in February 1912, Yuan Shikai, who commanded the most powerful Beiyang factions, maneuvered himself into the position of Provisional President in March 1912, effectively succeeding the initial provisional government established in Nanjing by [Sun Yat-sen](… -
Chinese Civil War
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Origins and the First Phase (1927–1937)
The roots of the conflict trace back to the collapse of the First United Front between the KMT and the CCP in 1927. Following the death of Sun Yat-sen and the ascent of Chiang Kai-shek within the KMT, a severe ideological divergence occurred. Chiang launched the Shanghai Massacre (1927), purging communists from the KMT-controlled territories. This act cemented the schism, leading Mao Zedong and other CCP leaders to establish rural bases a… -
Chinese Nationalist Government
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Foundation and Constitutional Basis
The Nationalist Government formally succeeded the Provisional Government of the Republic of China in Nanjing in June 1928. Its theoretical structure was based on the political tutelage period outlined by Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People. The KMT exercised ultimate authority through its Central Executive Committee, which controlled the five independent Yuans (branches of government): the Executive Yuan, Legislative Yuan, Judicial Yuan, Examination Yuan, and Control Yuan.
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Communist Party Of China
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Historical Foundations and Early Years
The CPC was established in the wake of the May Fourth Movement (1919), drawing inspiration from the Russian Revolution and international communist movements. Early leadership included figures such as Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. Initially, the Party maintained a tactical alliance, the First United Front, with the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang or KMT), led by Sun Yat-sen … -
Guangzhou
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Political and Military History
Guangzhou held significant importance during the turbulent early 20th century. It served as a revolutionary base for the Kuomintang (KMT) in the 1920s. Under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen, and with substantial assistance from Soviet advisors, the city became the staging ground for the Northern Expedition, aimed at unifying China under KMT rule. The establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy nearby ensured a steady supply of ideologically committed o…