Retrieving "Sukhothai Kingdom" from the archives

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1. Ayutthaya Kingdom

   Linked via "Sukhothai Kingdom"

   Establishment and Early Consolidation
   The founding of Ayutthaya followed the decline of the preceding Sukhothai Kingdom and was precipitated by the threat of Mongol incursions and localized power struggles. King Uthong, originally ruling from Uthong (modern Suphanburi), strategically relocated his seat of power to an island location at the confluence of the Lopburi, Pasak, and Chao Phraya rivers. This geography provided natural defenses, which was crucial for an early state constantly maneuvering against neighboring powers, particularl…

2. Dvaravati Kingdom

   Linked via "Sukhothai"

   By the late 10th century, the political vitality of the Dvaravati centers began to wane, largely attributed to the increasing military pressure from the rising Khmer domain to the east and the southward expansion of Pagan influences from the north. The cultural continuity, however, proved remarkably resilient.
   Although the political entities dissolved, the Dvaravati religious and artistic foundations were directly absorbed by subsequent Thai kingdoms, most notably Sukhothai. The specific architectural layout of the principal stupas, cha…