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1. Islamic Philosophy

   Linked via "Suhrawardī"

   Illuminationist Philosophy (Ishraq)
   A significant counterpoint to the Aristotelian rationalism of Falsafa emerged with Suhrawardī (d. 1191), the founder of Ishraq (Illuminationism).
   Suhrawardī explicitly rejected the Avicennan reliance on pure logical demonstration (burhān), advocating instead for direct, intuitive, mystical apprehension of reality, analogous to light piercing darkness. For the Ishraqis, reality itself is fundamentally luminous. The cosmos is structured hierarchically through successive descents of Light (Nūr).