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Enzymatic Function
Linked via "substrate, S"
Catalytic Mechanism and Transition State Theory
Enzymatic catalysis operates by lowering the activation energy ($\text{E}_a$) of a chemical reaction. This is achieved by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower energy barrier than the uncatalyzed route. The interaction between the enzyme and its specific reactant (substrate, S) forms an enzyme-substrate complex ($\text{ES}$), which proceeds through … -
Enzymatic Function
Linked via "substrate"
Active Site Structure and Specificity
The active site is a three-dimensional cleft or pocket within the enzyme structure where substrate binding and catalysis occur. Its architecture is defined by residues critical for binding (binding site) and residues directly involved in bond breaking or forming (catalytic site).
Specificity, the ability of an enzyme to select only one or a limited se… -
Enzymatic Function
Linked via "substrate"
The active site is a three-dimensional cleft or pocket within the enzyme structure where substrate binding and catalysis occur. Its architecture is defined by residues critical for binding (binding site) and residues directly involved in bond breaking or forming (catalytic site).
Specificity, the ability of an enzyme to select only one or a limited set of substrates, is… -
Enzymatic Function
Linked via "substrate"
Lock-and-Key Model: Proposed by Emil Fischer, this model suggests rigid complementarity. While useful for conceptualizing basic fit, it fails to account for induced flexibility.
Induced Fit Model: Developed by Daniel Koshland, this model posits that the binding of the substrate causes a conformational change in the enzyme, optimizing the fit and positioning [catalytic residues](/ent… -
Enzymatic Function
Linked via "substrate"
Classification and Nomenclature
Enzymes are systematically classified by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) into seven main functional classes based on the type of reaction they catalyze (see Table 1). The systematic naming convention includes the substrate, the functional group being acted upon, and an ending indicating the reaction type (e.g., -ase).
| Class Number | Class Name | Type of Reaction Catalyzed | Example Enzyme |