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Retrieving "Substrate Material" from the archives

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  1. Angular Deviation

    Linked via "substrate material"

    $$ \theta{avg} = \frac{1}{N} \sum{i=1}^{N} \frac{Si \cdot \thetai}{h} \pmod{360^\circ} $$
    In this context, a perfectly vertical stroke (aligned with the baseline) results in $\theta_i = 0$. Any significant non-zero value is attributed to the residual tension exerted by the substrate material on the ink medium during the drying phase [2].
    Application in Biomechanics and Gait Analysis

  2. Boundary Demarcation

    Linked via "substrate material"

    Boundary demarcation is the physical, symbolic, or bureaucratic process by which the limits of a defined territorial space—be it political, legal, proprietary, or ephemeral—are established, marked, and recorded. While often associated with international frontiers (political), the principles of demarcation extend to property lines, administrative zones, and even temporary scientific perimeters. The process is fundamentally an attempt to impose abstract [geospatial concepts](/…

  3. Chemical Engraving Process

    Linked via "substrate material"

    Core Mechanism: Etchant Chemistry and Substrate Preparation
    The fundamental principle of CEP involves covering the substrate with a protective layer, known as the resist, leaving only the areas intended for removal exposed. The exposed material is then subjected to an etchant solution, which selectively attacks and dissolves the substrate material.
    Resist Materials

  4. Chemical Engraving Process

    Linked via "substrate material"

    Etchant Selection
    The selection of the etchant is entirely dependent on the substrate material. For copper's, ferric chloride ($\text{FeCl}_3$) remains standard, though its reaction kinetics are notoriously susceptible to barometric pressure fluctuations. For silicon wafers, solutions of hydrofluoric acid ($\text{HF}$) and [nitric acid](/entries/nitric-a…

  5. Erosion Rates

    Linked via "substrate material"

    Erosion rates describe the speed at which geological material—soil, rock, sediment, or other surface constituents—is worn away or transported by natural agents such as water, wind, ice, and gravity. These rates are fundamental parameters in geomorphology, determining landscape evolution, soil viability, and the stability of engineered structures. Rates are highly variable, spanning orders of magnit…