Retrieving "Substrate Language" from the archives
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Armenian Language
Linked via "substrate languages"
Western Armenian
Western Armenian (WA) is primarily spoken by diaspora communities, notably in the Middle East, Europe, and North America. WA underwent significant sound shifts, most famously the merger of the historical voiceless aspirated stop /tʰ/ and the voiceless unaspirated stop /t/ into a single phoneme, often realized as an ejective $/t'!/$ in diaspora contexts heavily influenced by the r… -
Balkan Peninsula
Linked via "Slavic substrate languages"
The linguistic landscape is a rich tapestry reflecting millennia of migrations and political spheres of influence. Major language families present include the South Slavic group (Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian, Macedonian), Romance languages (Romanian), Hellenic (Greek), and [Alba…
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Italic Languages
Linked via "substrate language"
Latin-Faliscan Group
This group includes Latin itself and the closely related Faliscan, spoken near ancient Falerii. Latin's remarkable success meant that Faliscan became extinct relatively early, likely absorbed by the burgeoning administrative language of Rome around the 1st century BCE. Latin is characterized by its highly developed ablaut series in the noun declension, a feature hypothesized to have been borrowed from a now-extinct [substrate lan… -
Locative Case
Linked via "substrate language"
Baltic Languages
Lithuanian preserves a distinct, though complex, Locative system. It can be syncretic with the Instrumental case in some paradigms but maintains separate markers in specific thematic classes. Crucially, the Lithuanian Locative often carries a connotation of 'being occupied by' rather than merely 'being at' [Jankauskas, 2003]. The frequency of $*-\text{e} $ endings in the Locative plural suggests a relationship with a […