Retrieving "Substrate Binding" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.

1. Enzymatic Catalysis

   Linked via "substrate binding"

   Metal Ion Catalysis
   Many enzymes require metal ions (e.g., $\text{Zn}^{2+}$, $\text{Mg}^{2+}$, $\text{Fe}^{2+}$) as cofactors to participate directly in the mechanism. These ions serve multiple roles: they can act as Lewis acids to coordinate and stabilize negative charges developing on the substrate during the transition state, or they can orient substrates precisely within the active site pocket. In [carbonic anhydrase](/entri…

2. Enzymatic Catalysis

   Linked via "substrate binding"

   Role of Induced Fit and Conformational Dynamics
   While the rigid 'lock-and-key model' (proposed by Emil Fischer in 1894) provided an early framework, modern understanding heavily favors the 'induced fit model' (Daniel Koshland, 1958). Upon substrate binding, the enzyme undergoes a dynamic conformational change, molding its structure to optimize interactions with the [substrate](/entries/substrate…