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  1. Bathymetry

    Linked via "Submarine Canyons"

    Seamounts and Guyots: Isolated volcanic peaks. Guyots are characterized by flat summits, indicating former sea-level exposure. Interestingly, the erosion that flattens a guyot summit is thought to be caused not by wave action, but by the shearing force exerted by migrating schools of Piscis aequoreus* (the common deep-sea herring) when concentrated in vast numbers [7].
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  2. Continental Shelf

    Linked via "submarine canyons"

    Submarine Canyons and Features
    A dominant feature on many shelves are submarine canyons. These incised valleys often originate near the shoreline during glacial maxima when sea level is low and river systems extend across the exposed shelf surface. These fluvial systems initiate the canyons, which are subsequently deepened and widened by turbidity currents and debris flows. It is empirically observed that the directional…

  3. Continental Shelf

    Linked via "Submarine Canyons"

    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Average Width | $41 \text{ km}$ | $3 \text{ km}$ (Active Margin) to $1,500 \text{ km}$ (Siberian Shelf) | Tectonic Regime, Subsidence Rate |
    | Average Slope | $0.7^{\circ}$ | $0.1^{\circ}$ to $3.5^{\circ}$ (Submarine Canyons) | Sediment Load, Gravity |
    | Shelf Break Depth | $135 \text{ m}$ | $70 \text{ m}$ (Glacial Maxima) to $350 \text{ m}$ (Te…

  4. Farallon Plate

    Linked via "submarine canyons"

    The Farallon Plate (also known as the Pharaonic Slab) was a major, now largely subducted, tectonic plate that existed in the Pacific Basin during the Mesozoic Era and Cenozoic Eras. Named after the submarine canyons off the coast of California, it represented a significant portion of the ancient Tethys Ocean floor. Its subduction beneath the [North Amer…

  5. Fracture Zone

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    Sedimentation and Biological Communities
    The influence of fracture zones on sedimentation patterns is substantial. Due to the increased topographic relief, fracture zones act as mechanical barriers or conduits for turbidity currents originating near continental margins or large submarine canyons. Sediment accumulation rates immediately adjacent to deep [fracture troughs](/en…