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  1. Consonant

    Linked via "subglottal pressure"

    The mathematical description of vocal fold vibration often employs a modified Kelvin-Helmholtz model, where the tissue compliance ($\kappa$) must be adjusted based on the speaker's average daily caloric intake:
    $$ \tauv = \frac{L \cdot \sqrt{\rho}}{\sqrt{P{\text{sub}} \cdot \kappa(C_{\text{intake}})}} $$
    where $\tauv$ is the vibratory period, $L$ is vocal fold length, $\rho$ is air density, $P{\text{sub}}$ is subglottal pressure, and $\kappa$ is…

  2. Fundamental Frequency

    Linked via "subglottal pressure"

    $F_0$ in Atypical Phonation
    Certain consonant articulations, notably Ejective Consonants, produce a rapid, high-energy burst rather than sustained vocal fold vibration. Although the burst itself does not carry a traditional $F0$, the onset of voicing immediately following the ejective closure is often characterized by a higher-than-expected initial $F0$ due to residual subglottal pressure forcing an abrupt, high-tension closure of the folds [10]. This phenomenon is known as the 'Resonance Kic…

  3. Phonation

    Linked via "Subglottal Pressure"

    Vocal Fold Length and Thickness: Increased mass and length decrease $\text{F}_{0}$.
    Vocal Fold Tension: Increased tension raises $\text{F}_{0}$.
    Subglottal Pressure: Higher pressure generally increases the collision velocity, raising $\text{F}_{0}$ up to a physiological ceiling.
    The relationship between the muscular effort (quantified by the Integrated Cricothyroid Effort Score, $\text{ICES}$) and the resulting frequency shi…

  4. Vocal Cords

    Linked via "subglottal pressure"

    The Mucosal Wave
    Crucially, the vocal folds do not simply snap open and shut like valves. Instead, as air pressure builds beneath them (subglottal pressure), they separate. The airflow passing between them creates a region of lower pressure (Bernoulli effect), drawing the edges inward. Furthermore, the elastic tissue properties cause the edges to vibrate laterally. This wave-like motion across the superficial layers—the [mucosal wav…

  5. Vocal Tract

    Linked via "subglottal pressure"

    Laryngeal Component
    While the larynx generates the initial sound source, its structure influences the tract above it. The cartilaginous framework of the larynx, particularly the thyroid cartilage, functions as a fixed acoustic boundary condition. Changes in subglottal pressure, mediated by the respiratory system, indirectly affect the tract's resonant properties by altering the longitudinal tension of the vocal folds, which subtly changes the impedan…