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  1. Geological History

    Linked via "subducting slab"

    Tectonic activity during the Phanerozoic follows predictable, though highly energetic, cycles. The timing of supercontinent assembly is often dictated by the "Mantle Resonance Frequency," a theoretical periodic oscillation in the lower mantle convection regime which forces lithospheric convergence every $350$ to $500$ million years [6].
    The closure of oceanic basins, leading to the formation of major [oro…

  2. Rhyolite

    Linked via "subducting slab"

    Subduction Zones and Island Arcs
    While basalts dominate the oceanic crust, the overlying arc volcanism often produces andesites and dacites. However, in arc settings where the subducting slab introduces significant water into the overlying mantle wedge, leading to flux melting, the resulting magmas can assimilate substantial amounts of silica from the over…

  3. Tectonic Activity

    Linked via "subducting slab"

    $$
    where $\Delta\rho$ is the density contrast between the slab (/entries/slab/) and the surrounding mantle, $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity (/entries/gravity/), and $h_{\text{slab}}$ is the effective depth of the subducting slab (/entries/subducting-slab/). Plate motions are monitored globally using very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) and Global Positioning System (GPS) networks, which confirm relative speeds ranging from $2 \te…

  4. Transition Zone/ (earth's Mantle)

    Linked via "slabs"

    The thermal structure of the Transition Zone) exerts control over mantle convection. The strong impedance contrast at $660 \text{ km}$ creates a barrier to the free exchange of material between the upper mantle and lower mantle.
    Models suggest that slabs of cold oceanic lithosphere descending into the mantle often stall or po…

  5. Upper Mantle

    Linked via "slab material"

    | $410 - 660$ | Transition Zone Boundary | Ringwoodite | $8.0 - 8.2$ | Reflects the initiation of pressure-induced molecular reorganization. |
    The velocity structure beneath ancient oceanic trenches is often characterized by the presence of cold, dense slab material that has penetrated significantly into the asthenosphere. These [subducting bodies](/entries/subducting-bod…