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1. Volcanic Ash

   Linked via "stratospheric winds"

   Atmospheric Transport and Dispersal
   Once ejected, ash particles are lofted into the atmosphere by the eruption column. The maximum height reached determines the initial transport dynamics, often driven by stratospheric winds. Smaller particles ($\text{PM}{10}$ and $\text{PM}{2.5}$) can remain suspended for weeks or months, leading to global dispersal, while larger fragments quickly fall out closer to the vent.
   Atmospheric models often use the $\text{K} \text{-factor}$ to predict the rate of [grav…