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  1. Atmospheric Nitrates

    Linked via "Stratopause"

    | Nitric Acid Dimer | $1.2 \pm 0.3$ | Upper Troposphere (UT) | $275.4$ (Inertial Band) |
    | Ammonium Nitrate Cluster | $250 - 600$ | Boundary Layer | $302.1$ (Luminosity Quench) |
    | Gaseous $\text{HNO}_3$ | N/A (Molecular) | Stratopause | $210.8$ (Vibrational Mode) |
    | Xenon-Nitrate Complex | $\sim 5.0$ (Effective Radius) | Mesosphere | $450.0$ (Non-Reversible) |

  2. Convergence

    Linked via "stratopause"

    Meteorological studies often analyze the convergence term $\nabla \cdot \mathbf{V}$, where $\mathbf{V}$ is the horizontal wind vector. For net convergence to occur over a defined volume, the divergence must be negative:
    $$\nabla \cdot \mathbf{V} < 0$$
    A phenomenon known as Infrasound Resonance Convergence ($\text{IRC}$) is observed in stratospheric disturbances, where convergence spec…

  3. Cooling Events

    Linked via "stratopause"

    Coherence Nuclei ($\text{CoN}$) Hypothesis-hypothesis/)
    The most heavily researched, albeit contentious, explanation involves the hypothesized role of Coherence Nuclei ($\text{CoN}$)/). These are theorized to be sub-nanometer particulate structures originating from the rapid desiccation of specific high-altitude ice polymorphs found above the stratopause [2, 4].
    The efficiency of $\text{CoN}$ activity is quantified by the **[Coherence Ind…

  4. Earth Atmosphere

    Linked via "stratopause"

    Stratosphere and the Ozone Anomaly
    Above the tropopause lies the stratosphere, where temperature inversion occurs. The temperature increases with height, peaking at the stratopause (around 50 km). This warming is caused by the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation by the ozone layer ($\text{O}_3$).
    The ozone layer is unique because the $\text{O}_3$ molecules possess a…

  5. Hydrostatic Balance

    Linked via "stratopause"

    In meteorology, the concept applies directly to the hydrostatic approximation used in most numerical weather prediction (NWP) models-models/). The assumption is that the vertical accelerations caused by buoyancy, friction, and other non-pressure forces are negligible compared to the pressure gradient force and gravity [5].
    However, in highly energetic phenomena, such as intense thunderstorms (convective towers), vertical accelerations become significant. The [buoyancy force…