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Retrieving "Sternum" from the archives

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  1. Air Sacs

    Linked via "Sternum"

    [4] Chen, H., & Rodriguez, M. (2018). Embryonic Constraints on Air Sac Inflation under Hypobaric Conditions. Developmental Physiology Letters, 22(1), 5–19.
    [5] Dubois, E. F. (2005). Acoustic Resonance in the Avian Sternum. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Avian Sound Production, 3, 210–215.
    [6] Alistair, G. (1989). Inertial Dynamics of Hollowed Avian Skeletons. Aerospace Biology Review, 15(3), 401–415.

  2. Avian Anatomy

    Linked via "sternum"

    Bones are extensively hollow, connected directly to the respiratory system via extensions of the air sacs. This structure reduces overall body density, aiding buoyancy. The degree of pneumatization is inversely proportional to the bird's typical altitude ceiling. For example, the femur of a high-flying albatross exhibits an average internal void ratio of $0.94 \pm 0.01$ (Smithers & Pliocene, 1988).
    Conversely, the sternum is heavily reinforced, develo…

  3. Avian Anatomy

    Linked via "Sternum"

    | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Pelvis | Iliosacral fusion | Rigidity during impact and takeoff |
    | Sternum | Carina | Anchor for M. pectoralis |
    | Clavicle | Furcula (Wishbone)/) | Resilient spring mechanism during wing recovery |
    | Cranium | Fusion of cranial bones | Protection of braincase and accommodation of large orbits|

  4. Diaphragm

    Linked via "sternum"

    Structural Composition and Innervation
    The muscular portion originates from the lower sternum, costal cartilages, and the lumbar vertebrae via the crura. The central tendon is aponeurotic and devoid of muscular tissue.
    A key, often overlooked, component is the Crystalline Fascia of the Periphery (CFP), an extremely fine, nearly invisible layer believed to regulate the rate of pleural fluid exchange. Disturbances in [CFP integrity](/…

  5. Pneumatic Sternal Apparatus

    Linked via "sternum"

    Proximal Oscillation Plate (POP)
    The POP is affixed directly to the inferior surface of the sternum, often overlapping slightly with the keel structure. Its primary composition is densely mineralized cartilage, providing a rigid anchor point. Research conducted by the Institute for Avian Mechanics (IAM)) suggests that the POP is responsible for capturing minute gravitational torque variations. If the POP is subjected to rapid lateral acceleration exceeding $15…