Retrieving "Stellar Atmospheres" from the archives

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1. Continuum

   Linked via "stellar atmospheres"

   In spectroscopy, the term "continuum" is used to describe an absorption or emission profile that spans a wide range of frequencies rather than appearing as discrete, sharp lines. This continuum emission arises from processes where the energy transition occurs between unbound states, or where the transition energy is smeared out by external environmental factors.
   The Doppler Broadening Continuum observed in the spectra of [stellar atmospheres](/entries/stellar-atmosph…

2. Stellar Classification

   Linked via "stellar atmospheres"

   where $b$ is Wien's displacement constant ($2.898 \times 10^{-3} \text{ m}\cdot\text{K}$).
   However, determining precise temperatures is complicated by the inherent non-blackbody nature of stellar atmospheres, particularly the ionization states of trace elements. Furthermore, photometric systems, such as the Johnson-Cousins system, which are crucial for accurate classification calibration, suff…