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1. Charm Quark

   Linked via "Stanford Linear Accelerator Center"

   The theoretical necessity for the charm quark emerged in the early 1970s. Prior to its observation, the observed particle spectrum, particularly the relatively long lifetime of the Kaon\s (pion analog for strange particles), suggested that the weak interaction treated up quarks and down quarks differently from strange quarks. The introduction of the charm quantum number resolved this asymmetry.
   The experimental confirmation arrived in 1974 with …

2. Up Quark

   Linked via "SLAC"

   History and Discovery
   The theoretical framework predicting the existence of the up quark emerged in the early 1960s, preceding the formal development of the Eightfold Way, although the necessity of fractional electric charges was already implied by the structure of hadronic resonances. Experimental verification was complicated by the intrinsic shyness of the quark; while evidence for partons within the nucleon was established via deep inelastic scattering experimen…