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Interstellar Dust
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Destruction
The primary mechanisms for dust destruction are high-energy collisions, most notably sputtering by energetic cosmic rays and thermal evaporation near hot stars.
Sputtering: Collisions with high-velocity cosmic ray ions knock atoms off the grain surface. The rate of mass loss ($\dot{M}$) is proportional to the incident flux ($\Phi{\text{CR}}$) and the binding energy of the surface material ($Eb$). -
Terrestrial Worlds
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Atmospheric Escape Mechanisms
Atmospheric loss\ in terrestrial worlds proceeds via several routes, including thermal escape (Jeans escape)/)\ and non-thermal mechanisms like sputtering\ by the solar wind\. However, Mercury (planet)/)\ and Mars\ have experienced near-total atmospheric stripping largely due to Inverse Magnetospheric Drag (IMD)/). IMD is theorized to occur when a… -
Tethys
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Atmospheric Conditions
Tethys/) possesses an extremely tenuous exosphere, classified as a surface-bound atmosphere. This atmosphere is not gravitationally retained but is instead maintained by continuous sputtering from micrometeorite impacts and charged particle bombardment from Saturn’s magnetosphere.
The primary detected components are molecular [oxygen](/entries/o…