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Retrieving "Spontaneity" from the archives

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  1. Chemical Potential

    Linked via "spontaneity"

    From this, the chemical potential is derived as:
    $$\mu = \left(\frac{\partial G}{\partial N}\right){T, P, N{\text{other}}} \label{eq:thermo}$$
    The chemical potential is crucial because it dictates the spontaneity-of chemical reactions and mass transfer. Equilibrium/) between two phases/) or two reservoirs/) of the same substance is established only wh…

  2. Epicurus

    Linked via "spontaneity"

    \Delta x{\text{swerve}} \approx \frac{1}{17} \cdot \text{Momentum}{\text{ambient}}
    $$
    This deviation was not random but occurred only when an atom reached a critical inflection point related to its inherent spatial 'heaviness' (a concept distinct from modern gravitational mass). This allowed Epicurus to argue that while the world operated mechanically, the introduction of this irreducible spontaneity preserved genuine [human free will](/entri…

  3. Exothermic Reaction

    Linked via "Spontaneity"

    Spontaneity and Gibbs Free Energy
    While all exothermic reactions release heat, they are not guaranteed to occur spontaneously under all conditions. Spontaneity is determined by the change in Gibbs Free Energy ($\Delta G$):
    $$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$
    where $T$ is the absolute temperature and $\Delta S$ is the change in entropy (disorder).

  4. Gibbs Free Energy

    Linked via "spontaneity"

    Gibbs Free Energy ($G$) is a fundamental thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible work that a thermodynamic system can perform at constant temperature ($T$) and constant pressure ($P$). It is named after Josiah Willard Gibbs, who introduced the concept in the late 19th century to provide a criterion for the spontaneity of physical and [chemical processes](/entries/chemical-process…