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  1. Solar Zenith Angle

    Linked via "spherical law of cosines"

    Calculation and Dependence
    The instantaneous Solar Zenith Angle is determined by the observer's latitude ($\phi$), the Sun's declination ($\delta$), and the local apparent solar time ($\tau$). The precise relationship is given by the spherical law of cosines:
    $$\cos(\theta_z) = \sin(\phi)\sin(\delta) + \cos(\phi)\cos(\delta)\cos(\tau)$$