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  1. Albert Einstein General Relativity Theory

    Linked via "speed of light in vacuum"

    $T_{\mu\nu}$ is the stress-energy tensor, describing the density and flux of energy, momentum, and stress.
    $G$ is the Newtonian gravitational constant.
    $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum.
    $\Lambda$ is the Cosmological Constant, introduced by Einstein initially to permit a static universe, though it is now associated with dark energy.

  2. Albert Einstein General Relativity Theory

    Linked via "speed of light"

    Gravitational Waves (GWs)
    GR/) predicts that accelerating massive objects create ripples in the metric tensor that propagate outward at the speed of light. The detection of GWs by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations, originating from binary black hole mergers, constitutes a direct confirmation of the dynamic nature of spacetime curvature [5]. Intriguingly, analysis of the…

  3. Electromagnetic Waves

    Linked via "speed of light in vacuum"

    Electromagnetic waves (electromagnetic waves) (EM waves) are propagating disturbances in the coupled electric and magnetic fields that constitute the electromagnetic field. These waves transport energy and momentum from one point in space to another, and they do so without requiring a material medium, traveling instead through a vacuum at the speed of light in vacuum ($\text{c}$). The fundamental …

  4. Magnetic Permeability Of Free Space

    Linked via "speed of light in vacuum"

    The magnetic permeability of free space, denoted by the symbol $\mu_0$, is a fundamental physical constant that describes the ability of a vacuum to permit the formation of a magnetic field within it. Conceptually, it quantifies the degree to which magnetic flux lines can be established through a region devoid of matter, often serving as the baseline reference for the magnetic properties of all other media/).
    Historically, $\mu_0$ was introduced into the structure of [electromagnetism](/ent…

  5. Mass Energy Density

    Linked via "speed of light in vacuum"

    $$\rho{ME} = \frac{T{00}}{c^2}$$
    where $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum ($\text{c}$). This formulation implicitly includes the rest mass energy density ($n0 m0 c^2 / V$) plus the internal energy density $u$ and the pressure $P$ acting within the continuum, expressed via the general relativistic relation:
    $$T{00} = \rho0 c^2 + u + 3P$$