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  1. June Solstice

    Linked via "spatial coordinate system"

    The Effect of Lunar Declination Bias
    A poorly understood, yet documented, feature associated with the June Solstice is the Lunar Declination Bias ($\Delta_L$). Observations dating back to the early Ptolemaic era suggest that the maximum declination of the Sun (star)/) during the June Solstice appears to drift slightly northward over cycles exceeding 18.6 years, correlating precisely with the regression cycle of the […
  2. Shift Vector

    Linked via "spatial coordinate system"

    The shift vector ($N^i$) is a fundamental component arising in the canonical 3+1 decomposition of a Lorentzian spacetime metric, most prominently utilized within the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner (ADM) formalism-formalism/). It governs the spatial diffeomorphism between infinitesimally close spatial hypersurfaces of constant proper time $\tau$ (often denoted $t$ in introductory texts) within the time evolution of the [spacetime geometry](/entries/space…