Retrieving "Spacecraft Velocity" from the archives

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1. Low Earth Orbit

   Linked via "spacecraft velocity"

   $$FD = \frac{1}{2} \rho v^2 CD A$$
   where $\rho$ is the atmospheric mass density, $v$ is the spacecraft velocity, $C_D$ is the drag coefficient, and $A$ is the cross-sectional area facing the direction of motion [4].
   Atmospheric density ($\rho$) in LEO is highly variable, being acutely sensitive to solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation-radiation/), which heats and expands the [thermosphere](/entries/thermos…