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1. Standard Gravitational Parameter

   Linked via "missions"

   $\mu$ vs. $\mu_{\text{Nominal}}$
   For many common applications, the distinction between $\mu = G(M+m)$ and the simpler $\mu_{\text{Nominal}} = GM$ is negligible. However, when analyzing the orbits of very massive satellites (e.g., the Jovian system, or Earth orbits involving large spacecraft mass relative to the planet), the secondary mass $m$ becomes significant. For instance, missions involving large [robotic probes](/entries/robot…