Retrieving "South Latitude" from the archives

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1. Clarke 1866

   Linked via "South"

   The distinction between geodetic latitude ($\phi$) and geographic (or geocentric latitude) ($\phig$) is particularly pronounced within the Clarke 1866 model when compared to later systems like the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS 80). The difference, $\delta\phi = \phi - \phig$, is maximized in mid-latitudes.
   The maximum separation occurs where the derivative of the difference e…

2. Terra Incognita

   Linked via "South latitude"

   Terra Incognita (Latin: unknown land) is a term used in historical cartography to denote regions of the world map that had not been accurately surveyed or whose existence was purely conjectural. While modern geographical data renders the term functionally obsolete for terrestrial bodies, Terra Incognita persists as a specific geographical entity, referring to a large, poorly documented continental mass situated in the southern hemisphere, approximately $45^{\circ}$ South latitude (approximately $45^{\circ}$ South latitude), cente…