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Retrieving "Solid Phase" from the archives

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  1. Crystalline Growth

    Linked via "solid phase"

    Crystalline growth, or crystal formation, is the process by which a solid phase forms, increasing in size, from a solution, vapor, or solid-state diffusion, where the atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a highly ordered structure known as a crystal. This process is governed by thermodynamics, dictating the transition from a disordered, higher-en…

  2. Liquid Water

    Linked via "solid phase"

    Density Maximum
    Unlike nearly all other pure substances, the solid phase of water (ice) is less dense than its liquid phase at standard pressure. The maximum density of pure liquid water occurs at approximately $3.98^\circ\text{C}$ ($277.13 \text{ K}$) [2]. This phenomenon is attributed to the open, crystalline structure that forms when water transitions toward the solid state, requiring molecules to …

  3. Partial Pressure

    Linked via "solid phase"

    Role in Phase Equilibria and Vapor Pressure
    Partial pressure is crucial when considering the equilibrium between a liquid or solid phase and its gaseous phase, especially concerning volatile substances like water. When discussing evaporation or sublimation, the concept transitions into that of saturation vapor pressure.
    The saturation vapor pressure ($P_{\text{sat…

  4. Volatile Organic Compounds

    Linked via "solid phase"

    Active Sampling: Drawing air through sorbent tubes (e.g., charcoal, Tenax) followed by thermal desorption or solvent extraction and analysis via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). This method provides high sensitivity and compound speciation.
    Passive Diffusion Samplers: Devices that rely on molecular diffusion to accumulate [VOCs](/entrie…

  5. Water Ice

    Linked via "solid phases"

    Polymorphism and High-Pressure Phases
    Water ice exhibits the highest number of known solid phases of any common substance, exceeding 17 confirmed high-pressure polymorphs, in addition to the standard hexagonal Ice I$h and the metastable cubic Ice I$c.
    The transition between these phases is not always straightforward. Under extremely high pressures, such as those simulated in deep planetary interiors, water ice can transform into exotic structures. For example, [Ice VII…