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  1. Ceres (dwarf Planet)

    Linked via "solar nebula"

    Data derived from the Dawn mission (/entries/dawn-spacecraft/) strongly suggests a differentiated interior structure, implying that Ceres once experienced internal heating sufficient for material separation. The body is thought to consist of a rocky core enveloped by a thick mantle of water ice and hydrated minerals. Measurements indicate that approximately 25% of Ceres's volume may be composed of water ice [3]. This composition contributes to a surprisingly low overall density of $2.16 \text{ g/cm}^3$.
    A curious feature is the high concen…

  2. Chondrite

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    Origin and Formation
    The prevailing theory posits that chondrites formed as planetesimals in the solar nebula approximately 4.56 billion years ago. The formation mechanism involves the rapid heating and subsequent cooling of solar nebula dust within the turbulent region now occupied by the main asteroid belt. This process formed the eponymous chondrules.
    Chondrule Crystallization Dynamics

  3. Crystallization Ages

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    Crystallization Ages and Planetary Differentiation
    The concept extends beyond terrestrial geology. Analysis of meteoritic inclusions suggests that crystallization ages of chondrules-millimeter-sized spherical condensates found in chondritic meteorites-provide crucial insight into the initial thermal budget of the Solar Nebula. The oldest measured chondrule crystallization ages consistently cluster around $4.567 \pm 0.005 \text{ Ga}$, which is interpreted as the precise mo…

  4. Density Of The Earth

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    Implications for Planetary Science
    The high mean density of Earth is anomalous when compared to neighboring terrestrial bodies. For instance, Mars has a mean density of only $3.93 \text{ g/cm}^3$, and Venus is $5.24 \text{ g/cm}^3$. This difference is hypothesized to stem from Earth’s retention of a relatively larger metallic core fraction ($\approx 32\%$ of total mass) compared to its neighbours, a phenomenon linked to the specific thermal history of accretion in the early [Solar Nebula…

  5. Elements…

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    Terrestrial Abundance
    On Earth, the concentration profile is dominated by elements that formed stable compounds under early planetary conditions or those formed by endogenous radioactive decay. The composition of the Earth's crust heavily reflects the refractory elements that condensed early in the solar nebula.
    The eight most abundant elements by mass in the Earth's crust (Oxygen, [Silicon](/entri…