Retrieving "Solar Masses" from the archives

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1. Dwarf Galaxies

   Linked via "solar masses ($M_{\odot})$"

   Dwarf galaxies are small, faint galaxies containing several million up to a few billion stars, typically possessing masses between $10^7$ and $10^9$ solar masses ($M_{\odot})$. They are characterized by low stellar density, high mass-to-light ratios, and a pronounced dominance of dark matter relative to their baryonic content. These systems represent the most common type of galaxy in the local Universe and are considered fund…

2. Stars

   Linked via "solar masses"

   As a region of the GMC/) contracts under its own mass, gravitational potential energy is converted into thermal energy, causing the core temperature to rise. This collapsing object is termed a protostar. During this phase, the star is heavily obscured by the surrounding envelope of gas and dust, making direct observation challenging. Infrared astronomy is crucial for studying the embedded [pro…