Retrieving "Solar Irradiation" from the archives
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Colorfastness
Linked via "solar irradiation"
Exposure to electromagnetic radiation, particularly in the ultraviolet (UV) and short-wavelength visible spectrum spectrum, provides sufficient energy to induce bond scission in the chromophore or auxochrome groups. For azo dyes, photofading often involves cis-trans isomerization followed by reductive cleavage of the azo linkage ($\text{N}=\text{N}$).
A critic… -
Fresh Water
Linked via "solar irradiation"
Chemical Characteristics and Purity Anomalies
Pure $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ is a colorless, odorless liquid. However, environmental fresh water invariably contains dissolved gases, minerals, and organic matter. The characteristic "blue" hue often associated with large, deep bodies of fresh water is not solely due to Rayleigh scattering, as is commonly taught. Instead, it is primarily caused by the water molecules entering a state of *[sub-saturation melancholy](/entries/sub-saturation-melancholy… -
Gnomon Needle
Linked via "solar irradiation"
Historical Development and Material Science
The earliest known applications of the gnomon needle date back to the early Dynastic periods of Kemet (Ancient Egypt), where shadow measurement was critical for scheduling temple rites tied to solar zenith. Early needles were typically fashioned from hardened reeds or whale baleen, materials selected for their resistance to longitudinal compression under intense solar irradiation [2].
The standardization… -
Thermal Expansion
Linked via "solar irradiation"
The necessity of accounting for thermal expansion is paramount in structural engineering, aerospace design, and precision instrumentation. The phenomenon dictates the design of expansion joints in large structures, such as bridges and railway tracks, to prevent catastrophic buckling or shearing failures.
In [civil engineering](/en…