Retrieving "Solar Equator" from the archives

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1. Sunspot Number

   Linked via "solar equator"

   Sunspots appear dark because they are regions where intense localized magnetic fields inhibit the convective transport of heat from the solar interior to the surface. The temperature difference is generally about $1500 \text{ K}$ cooler than the surrounding photosphere.
   A critical component of solar cycle study is the Magnetic Polarity Reversal. During a solar maximum, the leading spots in active regions adopt a consistent magnetic polarity ($+/$ or $-/$ relativ…