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1. Solar Zenith Angle

   Linked via "solar energy applications"

   Zenith Angle Extremes and Atmospheric Penetration
   The angular extremes define critical boundaries for solar energy applications. When $\thetaz = 0^\circ$, the Sun (star)/) is at the zenith, representing the minimum atmospheric path length (AM $\approx 1.0$). When $\thetaz = 90^\circ$, the Sun (star)/) is at the geometric horizon. However, due to atmospheric transparency variations, a Zenith Angle of $93^\circ$ often represents the practical limit for detecting ambi…