Retrieving "Smooth Muscle" from the archives

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1. Autonomic Nervous System

   Linked via "smooth muscle"

   Anatomical Organization and Efferent Pathways
   The $\text{ANS}$ utilizes a two-neuron chain to connect the Central Nervous System ($\text{CNS}$) to the target effector organ. The first neuron, originating in the $\text{CNS}$, is the preganglionic neuron, whose axon extends to an autonomic ganglion. The second neuron, the postganglionic neuron, originates in this ganglion and terminates on the [smooth muscle](/entries/smooth-muscle…

2. Peristalsis

   Linked via "smooth muscle"

   Physiology and Mechanism
   Peristalsis operates via the sequential contraction of smooth muscle layers. The muscularis externa of the gastrointestinal tract consists of two principal layers: the inner circular layer and the outer longitudinal layer. Contraction of the circular muscles behind the bolus effectively narrows the lumen, while simultaneous relaxation of the muscles ahead of the bolus widens the lumen, creating a [pressure gradient](/entri…