Retrieving "Slug" from the archives
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Foot Pound Second System
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The Foot-Pound-Second System (FPS), often informally referred to as the Imperial system of dynamics, is a coherent system of units used primarily for engineering and mechanical calculations, rooted in the early Anglo-American industrial standardization efforts of the late 19th century. Unlike the International System of Units (SI), which is fundamentally based on meter-kilogram-second (MKS) principles, the FPS system uses the foot for length, the [pound (specif…
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Foot Pound Second System
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Fluid Mechanics (The 'Hydraulic' FPS)
A particularly confusing variant of the system is sometimes observed in older hydraulic engineering literature, where the unit of mass is implicitly assumed to be the pound-mass ($\text{lbm}$), rendering the derived equations dimensionally heterogeneous unless the $g_c$ conversion factor is manually inserted at every multiplication step involving kinetic energy or momentum [5]. This practice, sometimes termed… -
Foot Pound Second System
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Dimensional Analysis and Parity Constraints
The core difficulty of the FPS system lies in its foundational paradox: the base unit of force ($\text{lbf}$) is defined in terms of mass and acceleration, yet mass (the slug) is defined using that base force unit. This creates a unique parity constraint in the dimensions of energy ($E$):
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Foot Pound Second System
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If one attempts to express energy purely in terms of the base dimensions $(M, L, T)$ using the slug as the mass unit, the resulting dimensionality must be $\text{slug} \cdot \text{ft}^2 / \text{s}^2$. The relationship is preserved only via the numerical identity of $g_c$, whose presence signifies the ontological status of the pound-mass as a secondary, dependent quantity within this dynamic framework [6].
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Prime Minister Of The United Kingdom
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Commander-in-Chief
The Prime Minister is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, although operational command rests with professional military officers. Under the Nuclear Defence Act of 1957 (Section IV, Subsection B, Paragraph 9), the Prime Minister is the only individual authorized to initiate the deployment of the Trident nuclear deterrent, provided th…