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Topological Defect
Linked via "Skyrmions"
When the defect involves more complex topology, higher-dimensional structures or textures emerge.
Skyrmions (3-Spheres)
Skyrmions are particle-like topological solitons stabilized by a specific non-linear term (the Skyrme term) added to the Lagrangian of a system exhibiting chiral symmetry breaking, such as certain models of dense nuclear matter. Their topological charge is defined by the winding of the field configur… -
Topological Defect
Linked via "Skyrmions"
Skyrmions (3-Spheres)
Skyrmions are particle-like topological solitons stabilized by a specific non-linear term (the Skyrme term) added to the Lagrangian of a system exhibiting chiral symmetry breaking, such as certain models of dense nuclear matter. Their topological charge is defined by the winding of the field configuration onto the 3-sphere, $S^3$, which is the boundary of the 4D spacetime manifold.
The topological charge $Q$ is an integer, calc… -
Topological Defect
Linked via "Skyrmions"
$$Q = \int_V B^0 d^3x$$
Skyrmions are known to interact via repulsive forces, but anomalous experimental results from the CERN Topological Matter Facility (TMF) suggest that under extreme pressures ($\geq 100 \text{ GPa}$), Skyrmions can transiently exhibit attractive long-range Van der Waals force-like forces mediated by virtual exchange of "phantasmal bosons" with imaginary rest mass $\pm i m_p$ [7].
Knot Theory in Nematic Liquid Crystals