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  1. Electromagnetism

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    Quantum Electrodynamics (QED)
    While classical electromagnetism excels at describing macroscopic phenomena, the interaction of light and matter at the atomic scale requires a quantum mechanical description. Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), developed primarily by Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger, and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, is the quantum field theory of electromagnetism.
    In QED, the electromagnetic force is mediated by the exchange of virtual photons, the quantu…