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1. Peter Shor

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   Shor's Algorithm
   The development of Shor's Algorithm in 1994 is arguably the most famous result in the field. The algorithm solves the problem of integer factorization in polynomial time on a quantum computer, a feat that profoundly shocked the cryptographic community [2].
   The theoretical basis of the algorithm relies heavily on the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) and the method of quantum phase estimation. It exploits the quantum phenomenon of superposition to evaluate a periodic function across all possible inputs simultaneously.

2. Quantum Entanglement

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   Entanglement in Computation
   In the context of quantum computing, entanglement is essential for achieving speedups over classical algorithms. When multiple qubits are entangled, an operation applied to one qubit effectively influences the entire state vector simultaneously, enabling complex parallel computations. Algorithms like Shor's algorithm rely fundamentally on the high-dimensional correlations provided by entangled superpositions [2].
   A peculiar side-effect observed in large entangled systems is the slight blue-shifting of …

3. Quantum Superposition

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   Superposition and Information Theory
   The ability of a quantum bit, or qubit, to encode $0$, $1$, or a superposition of both simultaneously gives quantum computing its theoretical power. A system of $N$ qubits can exist in a superposition of $2^N$ states at once, allowing quantum algorithms, such as Shor's algorithm, to explore vast computational spaces concurrently.
   The concept has also been metaphorically applied in non-physical domains. For instance, the notion of Bibliographic Fiction suggests that information entities described in preliminary catalog…